Employee Absenteeism

INTRODUCTION

The term absenteeism for the first time was defined by the labor bureau, simla in a circular of the of the department , Government of India starting “Total man shifts lost because of absence as a percentage of the total number of man shifts schedule to work.”

Absenteeism is a serious workplace problem and an expensive occurrence for both employers and employees seemingly unpredictable in nature. A satisfactory level of attendance by employees at work is necessary to allow the achievement of objectives and targets by a department. Employee Absenteeism is the absence of an employee from work. It is a major problem faced by almost all employers of today. Employees are absent from work and thus the work suffers. Absenteeism of employees from work leads to back logs, piling of work and thus work delay

Absenteeism has been defined by various authorities. According to WEBSTORS DICTIONARY – “Absenteeism is the practice of habit of being an “absence” is one who habitually stays away “.

“In other words it signifies the absence of an employee from work when he is schedule to be at work”, it is unauthorized, unexplained and willful absence from work.

One of the most significant factors: Determining the productivity and advancement of industries lies in the efficiency and experience of workers. Includes the role of workers in terms of their responsibility towards industrial production. But attainment of such objective is not possible so long as the extent of absenteeism and labor turn over is not reduced infact absenteeism is the main obstacle in advancement o industries.

NEED OF THE STUDY

The success of any service industry depends largely on the workers, the employees are considered as the backbone of any company.

At present, organizations in India take real interest in controlling absenteeism. Measures to prevent strikes and lockouts have received far and greater attention. One reason for this situation may be that strikes and lockouts are more noisy and visible while absenteeism is silent and unnoticeable.

The relevance of the study is that, now the company is facing a major issue of high rate of absenteeism and hope that the study will reveal the reason for it and thereby the organization can take effective measures for checking the absenteeism.

• This study can be helpful to the management to improve its core weaknesses by the suggestions and recommendations prescribed in the project.
• The need of this study can be recognized when the result of the related study need suggestions and recommendations to the similar situation.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to find the various studies on absenteeism of man hour and suggestion to reduce absenteeism.

Objectives

Ø      To analyze the master attendance and to find the rate of absenteeism.

Ø      To improve the production level by reducing absenteeism.

Ø      To find the reason for major absenteeism in particular department.

Ø      To suggest controlling tools to reduce absenteeism.

Ø      To find out the reason for avoidable and unavoidable absenteeism.

Ø      To know the types of facilities and welfare activities for the employees benefit.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. According to Clifford woody, “research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis”

It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. As such the design includes an outline of what the researcher will do form writing the hypothesis and its operational implication to the final analysis of data.

More explicitly, the design decisions happen to be in respect of;

Ø         What is the study about?

Ø         Why is the study being made?

Ø         Where will the study be carried out?

Ø         What type of data is required?

Ø         Where can the data are found?

Ø         What periods of time will the study include?

Ø         What will be the sample design?

Ø         How will the data be analyzed?

Ø         In what style will the report be prepared?

Ø         What techniques of data collection will be used?

For the purpose of study, both primary and secondary data has been collected. The observational method and survey research method is used to collect the primary data.

The necessary data has also been collected from official records and other published sources. The collected data is classified, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted later.

DATA COLLECTION:

There are two types of data collection

1. Primary data
2. Secondary data

Primary data

·         Primary data is personally developed data and it gives latest information and offers much greater accuracy and reliability.

·         There are various sources for obtaining primary data i.e., Mail survey, personal interview,

·         Field survey, panel research and observation approach etc.

·         The study to maximum extent dependent on primary data, which is collected by way of structures personal interview with customers.

Methods that can be used for collection of primary data are as follows:

§      Direct personal observation: Under this method, the investigator presents himself personally before the informant and obtains first hand information. This method provides greater degree of accuracy.

§      Telephone survey: Under this method the investigator, instead of presenting himself before the informants, contacts them on telephone and collects information from them.

§      Indirect personal interview: Under this method, instead of directly approaching the informants, the investigator interviews several third persons who are directly or indirectly concerned with the subject – matter of the enquiry and who are in possession of the requisite information. This method is highly suitable where the direct personal investigation is not practicable either because the informants are unwilling or reluctant to supply the information or where the information desired is complex or the study in hand is extensive.

§      Questionnaire method: Under this method, the investigator prepares a questionnaire containing a number of questions pertaining to the field of enquiry. Under this method, the investigator directly contact the person and collect the information through questionnaire related to the data. The aims and objectives of collecting the information, and requesting the respondents to cooperate by furnishing the correct replies and fill the questionnaire with correct information. The success of this method depends upon the proper drafting of the questionnaire and the cooperation of the respondents.

Secondary data

Secondary data is the published data. It is already available for using and its saves time. The mail source of secondary data are published market surveys, government publications advertising research report and internal source such as sales, sales records orders, customers complaints and other business record etc. the study has also depended on secondary data to little extent, which is collected through internal source.

Methods that can be used for collection of secondary data are as follows:

§      Published sources: There are a number of national organisations and international agencies, which collect and publish statistical data relating to business, trade, labour, price, consumption, production, etc. These publications of the various organisations are useful sources of secondary data.

§      Unpublished sources: The records maintained by private firms or business houses who may not like to release their data to any outside agency are known as unpublished sources of collection of secondary data.

Secondary sources considered:

Ø      Websites

Ø      Journals

Ø      Annual Reports

Sampling Design:

A sample design is a finite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. Simple random sampling is used for this study

Sample Size:

Number of the sampling units selected from the population is called the size of the sample.