INTRODUCTION
The term
absenteeism for the first time was defined by the labor bureau, simla in a
circular of the of the department , Government of India starting “Total man
shifts lost because of absence as a percentage of the total number of man
shifts schedule to work.”
Absenteeism
is a serious workplace problem and an expensive occurrence for both employers
and employees seemingly unpredictable in nature. A satisfactory level of
attendance by employees at work is necessary to allow the achievement of
objectives and targets by a department. Employee Absenteeism is the absence of
an employee from work. It is a major problem faced by almost all employers of
today. Employees are absent from work and thus the work suffers. Absenteeism of
employees from work leads to back logs, piling of work and thus work delay
Absenteeism
has been defined by various authorities. According to WEBSTORS DICTIONARY –
“Absenteeism is the practice of habit of being an “absence” is one who
habitually stays away “.
“In other
words it signifies the absence of an employee from work when he is schedule to
be at work”, it is unauthorized, unexplained and willful absence from work.
One of
the most significant factors: Determining the productivity and advancement of
industries lies in the efficiency and experience of workers. Includes the role
of workers in terms of their responsibility towards industrial production. But
attainment of such objective is not possible so long as the extent of absenteeism
and labor turn over is not reduced infact absenteeism is the main obstacle in advancement
o industries.
NEED OF THE STUDY
The
success of any service industry depends largely on the workers, the employees
are considered as the backbone of any company.
At present, organizations in India take real interest in
controlling absenteeism. Measures to prevent strikes and lockouts have received
far and greater attention. One reason for this situation may be that strikes
and lockouts are more noisy and visible while absenteeism is silent and
unnoticeable.
The
relevance of the study is that, now the company is facing a major issue of high
rate of absenteeism and hope that the study will reveal the reason for it and
thereby the organization can take effective measures for checking the
absenteeism.
- This study can be helpful to the management to improve its core weaknesses by the suggestions and recommendations prescribed in the project.
- The need of this study can be recognized when the result of the related study need suggestions and recommendations to the similar situation.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study is to find the various studies on absenteeism of man
hour and suggestion to reduce absenteeism.
Objectives
Ø
To analyze the master attendance
and to find the rate of absenteeism.
Ø
To improve the production level by
reducing absenteeism.
Ø
To find the reason for major
absenteeism in particular department.
Ø
To suggest controlling tools to
reduce absenteeism.
Ø
To find out the reason for
avoidable and unavoidable absenteeism.
Ø
To know the types of facilities
and welfare activities for the employees benefit.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research
is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. According to Clifford
woody, “research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating
hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data,
reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the
formulated hypothesis”
It
constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
As such the design includes an outline of what the researcher will do form
writing the hypothesis and its operational implication to the final analysis of
data.
More explicitly, the
design decisions happen to be in respect of;
Ø What is the study about?
Ø Why is the study being made?
Ø Where will the study be carried out?
Ø What type of data is required?
Ø Where can the data are found?
Ø What periods of time will the study include?
Ø What will be the sample design?
Ø How will the data be analyzed?
Ø In what style will the report be prepared?
Ø What techniques of data collection will be used?
For the purpose of study,
both primary and secondary data has been collected. The observational method
and survey research method is used to collect the primary data.
The
necessary data has also been collected from official records and other
published sources. The collected data is classified, tabulated, analyzed and
interpreted later.
DATA
COLLECTION:
There are two types of
data collection
- Primary data
- Secondary data
Primary data
·
Primary data is personally
developed data and it gives latest information and offers much greater accuracy
and reliability.
·
There are various sources for
obtaining primary data i.e., Mail survey, personal interview,
·
Field survey, panel research and
observation approach etc.
·
The study to maximum extent
dependent on primary data, which is collected by way of structures personal
interview with customers.
Methods that can be used for collection of primary data are
as follows:
§
Direct personal observation: Under this method, the investigator presents himself
personally before the informant and obtains first hand information. This method
provides greater degree of accuracy.
§
Telephone survey: Under this method the investigator, instead of presenting
himself before the informants, contacts them on telephone and collects
information from them.
§
Indirect personal interview: Under this method, instead of directly approaching the
informants, the investigator interviews several third persons who are directly
or indirectly concerned with the subject – matter of the enquiry and who are in
possession of the requisite information. This method is highly suitable where
the direct personal investigation is not practicable either because the
informants are unwilling or reluctant to supply the information or where the
information desired is complex or the study in hand is extensive.
§
Questionnaire method: Under this method, the investigator prepares a
questionnaire containing a number of questions pertaining to the field of
enquiry. Under this method, the investigator directly contact the person and
collect the information through questionnaire related to the data. The aims and
objectives of collecting the information, and requesting the respondents to
cooperate by furnishing the correct replies and fill the questionnaire with
correct information. The success of this method depends upon the proper
drafting of the questionnaire and the cooperation of the respondents.
Secondary data
Secondary
data is the published data. It is already available for using and its saves
time. The mail source of secondary data are published market surveys,
government publications advertising research report and internal source such as
sales, sales records orders, customers complaints and other business record
etc. the study has also depended on secondary data to little extent, which is
collected through internal source.
Methods that can be used for collection of secondary data
are as follows:
§
Published sources: There are a number of national organisations and
international agencies, which collect and publish statistical data relating to
business, trade, labour, price, consumption, production, etc. These
publications of the various organisations are useful sources of secondary data.
§
Unpublished sources: The records maintained by private firms or business houses
who may not like to release their data to any outside agency are known as
unpublished sources of collection of secondary data.
Secondary sources considered:
Ø
Websites
Ø
Journals
Ø
Annual Reports
Sampling Design:
A sample
design is a finite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. Simple
random sampling is used for this study
Sample Size:
Number of
the sampling units selected from the population is called the size of the
sample.
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